Catcher in the Rye Thesis Essay - 610 Words

Catcher in the Rye Thesis Essay The novel Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is very interesting novel in which the main character, Holden, intrigues the reader with his unpredictable actions and upfront judgments of his surroundings. Holden alienates himself to try and help protect him from the outside world and conserve his innocence. He constantly proves this to reader many in times in the novel by, telling characters he feels different, wearing clothing that makes him stand out even though it may make him look stupid, and failing to come through in relationships with characters in the story. The first time that Holden really declares to the reader his tendency of alienation is during his conversation with Mr. Spencer. Spencer†¦show more content†¦This hat provides Holden with a perfect and easy way to alienate himself from society and in doing so protect himself. Holden allows the reader to hypothesize that he is attracted to a girl named Jane Gallagher, by constantly telling of his fond memories of her, but when push comes to shove his tendency to alienation himself from society, to protect himself from losing his innocence, takes him over. On page 116 of the novel, Holden tells the reader that after he got his sister a record he went to a phone booth and called Janes house. But when her mother picked up the phone he hung up. Holden tells the reader that he didnt feel like getting into a long conversation with her mother so he hung up but in reality Holdens personal preference of alienating himself frightened him and prevented him of making any contact with Jane. Holdens constantly telling that he is different from everyone else, who he defines as phonies, wearing his hunting cap to make him standout in society, and inability to make a social contact with a Jane Gallagher, who he constantly brings up, are just a few lucid examples of his self-alienation of society. Holden feels and uses this alienation to protect himself from the harshness of society is this constant defense m echanism eventually leads to hisShow MoreRelatedCatcher in the Rye1445 Words   |  6 PagesENG 3U1 – The Catcher in the Rye Essay Outline Assignment Task: Pick one of the essay prompts below. Your answer to the prompt will be the thesis of your essay. Thoughtfully and carefully craft an essay outline to develop and defend your thesis. Be concise and to the point, this is only an outline! You may consult your agenda, previous notes and our class for essay writing tips. Be sure to use text-based evidence to support your thesis. Essay Prompts Throughout the novel, Holden is a tormented adolescentRead MoreRomantic Essay, The Streetcar Named Desire: The Catcher In The Juliet1899 Words   |  8 Pagesof my portfolio are the Catcher in the Rye essay, the American rebels powerpoint, the Streetcar Named Desire essay and the Catcher In The Rye fishbowl. I chose to include the Catcher in the Rye essay because it showcased my ability to explain in detail quotes from the book and expand on one idea. I also chose this essay because I got an 82% which I believe is a good grade for a hard essay topic such as the symbolism of the ducks. In addition, I chose the Catcher In The Rye fishbowl because it showedRead MoreThe Character Charlie From The Novel And How His Growth757 Words   |  4 PagesCharlie has gone through, shaped him into the person he was at the end of the novel. This source will be helpful for my essay because I have a better understanding of why Stephen wrote about the topics that he wrote about, this will help we arg ue my opinion that this book should not be banned. Wahlstrom, Ingri. â€Å"Intertextuality in The Perks of Being a Wallflower†. Master’s Thesis in English Literature. Department of Language and Literature Faculty of Humanities Norwegian University of Science andRead MoreMy First Memory Of A Writing972 Words   |  4 Pagesschool English is pretty simple compared to these classes. Over the two years I had to do multiple essays on themes of various books. One on Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, one on Night by Elie Wiesel, and one on Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. All of these essays helped me by refining the basics of paragraph structure and other things like what exactly is thesis statement. The first essay that I had that wasn’t as simple as the previous ones was about a controversial topic, I chose toRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Arthur M Schlesinger Jrs What Great Books Do for Children778 Words   |  3 Pagesand balanced critique of Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.s What Great Books Do For Childre n, one would have to do a complete assessment of the essays good and bad qualities. However, what happens if one does not find something objectionable within the essay to criticize and condemn? What happens if the reader finds himself/herself in complete agreement with the Authors argument(s)? In short, what happens if there are no bad qualities? Against the better angels of ones nature, perhaps the critic isRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English classRead MoreWhen I Was In Middle School, My Ambition Was To Become1330 Words   |  6 Pagesto turn into a long-term project. In high school and my first semester of college I have been exposed to more different styles of writing both through the given writing assignments and the books I have read. One of my biggest struggles when writing essays is making them compact, concise, and on topic. I have always understood that being able to write well is a very valuable skill which, with practice, can be developed to fit any profession in which I may end up in the future. Over my summer vacationRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 PagesThe Essay Writing Process In Greek legend, the goddess of wisdom, Athena, was born fully armed from the head of Zeus. Unfortunately, this is the only recorded instance of instant wisdom. Especially in the medium of the written word, the communication of complex ideas is a process—a process that requires thinking and rethinking, working and reworking. The student who claims to have dashed off an A essay at one in the morning the night before it was due is either a liar or a genius. ThisRead MoreEssay on The Need for Brutality in A Clockwork Orange 4668 Words   |  19 Pagespublished A Clockwork Orange, it contained a twenty-first chapter which showed Alex jaded with ultraviolence and ready to settle down (Burgess, A Clockwork Orange 207-219). In the tradition of rites of passage novels such as Huck Finn and Catcher in the Rye, he emerges from various trials with the cold, cruel adult world with a new-found threshold for love (Connelly 42). Alex develops a penchant for maudlin pop songs, a sharp contrast to the dynamic symphonies he once adored (Burgess, Orange 212)

Ngocdung Free Essays

1) Globalization has been enabled by: A) innovation. B) technological progress. C) increased population. We will write a custom essay sample on Ngocdung or any similar topic only for you Order Now D) all of the above. E) A and B are correct. 2) Which of the following events interrupted Globalization 2. 0? A) The Great Depression B) World War I C) World War II D) All of the above. 3) During Globalization 1. 0, ________ were the primary entities globalizing. A) individuals and small groups B) families C) countries D) companies 4) During Globalization 3. 0, ________ were the primary entities globalizing. A) individuals and small groups B) families C) countries D) companies 5) The fall of the Berlin Wall: A) marked the end of the Cold War. B) opened up new markets for products. C) gave companies access to a talented labor pool. D) All of the above. 6) The first mainstream web browser was called: A) Netscape B) Opera. C) Firefox. D) Internet Explorer. 7) De facto standards contributing to Globalization 3. 0 include all of the following EXCEPT:   A) Microsoft Word. B) Adobe Acrobat. C) PayPal. D) eBay. 8) Web sites allowing users to add, remove, or edit content are called:   A) wikis. B) blogs. C) browsers. D) online diaries. 9) Wal-Mart has recently introduced ________ tags into their supply chain. A) price B) anti-theft C) RFID D) CSID 10) Companies setting up entire factories in China is an example of: A) offshoring. B) outsourcing. C) in-sourcing. D) on-shoring. 11) ________ refers to the delegation of a company’s core operations to a subcontractor that specializes in that operation. A) Offshoring B) Outsourcing C) In-sourcing D) On-shoring 12) Assembly plants located on the Mexican side of the U. S. -Mexican border are called:   A) Mexinanitas. B) Maquiladoras. C) Manufactorias. D) Fabricados. 13) Which of the following is not a service that is being outsourced? A) Preparation of tax returns B) Telephone support C) Reading of X-rays D) All of the activities above can be outsourced. 14) Which of the Asian outsourcing destination countries has the highest relative geopolitical risk? A) China B) Malaysia C) Philippines D) Thailand 15) Which of the following American outsourcing destination countries has the highest English proficiency? A) Argentina B) Brazil C) Costa Rica D) Mexico 16) Which of the following is a reason for companies to outsource business activities? A) To reduce time to market B) To increase process efficiencies C) To outsource noncore activities D) All of the above. 7) ________, the reversal of outsourcing to overseas locations, encompasses the use of locations closer to the home country in terms of geographical, political, linguistic, economic, or cultural distance. A) Inshoring. B) Nearshoring. C) Offshoring. D) Backshoring. 18) Which of the following is NOT considered a geoeconomic challenge of operating in a digital world? A) Demographic B) Expertise C) Time zone differences D) Internet access 19) The EU data protection directive is an example of which type of challenge? A) Political system B) Regulatory C) Data sharing D) Individual freedom 0) Differences in network infrastructures throughout the world are an example of which type of challenge? A) Internet access and individual freedom B) Infrastructure related reliability C) Regulatory D) Political system 21) ________ are government-imposed fees to regulate the flow of goods and services in and out of a country   A) Export regulations B) Embargoes C) Tariffs D) Quotas 22) A(n) ________ is a type of export regulation concerning the flow of goods and services, typically limiting (or prohibiting) trade with one particular country. A) export regulation B) embargo C) tariff D) quota 23) The U. S. overnment attempts to isolate the Cuban government economically using: A) export regulations. B) embargoes. C) tariffs. D) quotas. 24) ________ are directed at limiting the export of cer tain goods to other countries. A) Export regulations B) Embargoes C) Tariffs D) Quotas 25) Products such as missile or encryption technology underlie: A) export regulations. B) embargoes. C) tariffs. D) quotas. 26) ________ are regulations permitting foreign businesses to export only a certain number of products to a specific country. A) Export regulations B) Embargoes C) Tariffs D) Quotas 27) Foreign companies such as Toyota are producing goods in the U. S. to minimize the effect of:   A) export regulations. B) embargoes. C) tariffs. D) quotas. 28) The EU data protection directive limits: A) Internet freedom. B) personal rights to access data. C) transborder data flows. D) electronic commerce. 29) Which of the flowing countries is NOT considered â€Å"enemy of the Internet† by the â€Å"Reporters without Borders†? A) Belarus B) Thailand C) Vietnam D) North Korea 30) Which of the following outsourcing destinations has the lowest average annual salary for experienced programmers? A) India B) Philippines C) Malaysia D) China 31) Dimensions on which cultures differ include: A) uncertainty avoidance. B) concept of time. C) life focus. D) all of the above. 32) ________ is a cultural characteristic emphasizing the importance of the collective/group over the individual in society. A) Collectivism B) Power distance C) Uncertainty avoidance D) Group think 33) ________ is a cultural characteristic that reflects the extent to which a culture has a longer- or shorter-term orientation. A) Life focus B) Concept of time C) Time focus D) Punctuality 34) ________ is a cultural characteristic emphasizing the importance of the individual over the collective/group in society. A) Life focus B) Individualism C) Selfishness D) Egocentrism 35) ________ is a cultural characteristic related to how different societies view authority and hierarchical structures. A) Power distance B) Obedience C) Obesity D) Authoritarianism 36) ________ reflects degree to which a society is characterized by masculine qualities, such as assertiveness, or by feminine characteristics, such as nurturance. A) Masculinity/femininity B) Assertiveness C) Nurturance D) Life focus 37) ________ is a cultural characteristic related to the risk-taking nature of a culture. A) Risk aversion B) Uncertainty avoidance C) Fear of future consequences D) Risk seeking 8) ________ reflects the extent to which a culture focuses on the quantity versus the quality of life. A) Life focus B) Life center C) Quantity of life orientation D) Quality of life orientation 39) Which of the following countries ranks highest in individualism? A) Australia B) Austria C) Mexico D) Peru 40) Which of the following is most likely to be considered a dome stic company? A) Insurance company B) Car manufacturer C) Consumer goods company D) Barber shop 41) A ________ business strategy is best suited for operation in markets differing widely. A) multidomestic B) global C) transnational D) All strategies are equally well suited. 2) Which of the following is a weakness of the multidomestic business strategy? A) Differing product offerings limit economies of scale B) Inability to react to local market conditions C) Difficult to manage D) Personnel overhead 43) Which of the following is a weakness of the global business strategy? A) Differing product offerings limit economies of scale B) Inability to react to local market conditions C) Difficult to manage D) Personnel overhead 44) Which of the following is a weakness of the transnational business strategy? A) Differing product offerings limit economies of scale B) Inability to react to local market conditions C) Difficult to manage D) Personnel overhead 45) A multidomestic information systems strategy is characterized by ________ systems   A) centralized B) decentralized C) distributed D) homogeneous 46) A global information systems strategy is characterized by ________ systems   A) centralized B) decentralized C) distributed D) homogeneous 47) A transnational information systems strategy is characterized by ________ systems   A) centralized B) decentralized C) distributed D) homogeneous 48) A ________ information systems strategy is characterized by multiple networks between the home office and the subsidiaries. A) global B) transnational C) multinational D) hybrid 49) A ________ information systems strategy is characterized by local databases. A) global B) transnational C) multidomestic D) hybrid 50) A ________ information systems strategy is characterized by data sharing between the home office and the subsidiaries. A) global B) transnational C) multinational D) hybrid Chap 2: 1E 2D 3C 4A 5D 6A 7D 8A 9C 10A 11C 12B 13D 14C 15C 16D 17B 18D 19C 20B 21C 22B 23B 24A 25A 26D 27D 28C 29B 30A 31D 32A 33B 34B 35A 36A 37B 38A 39A 40D 41A 42A 43B 44C 45B 46A 47C 48A 49C 50A How to cite Ngocdung, Essay examples

Module DQ free essay sample

In order to be an academia researcher into a particular field one must be able to gather and identify materials that are appropriate to what they are researching and what they are trying to prove or to disprove. It is imperative for the doctoral learner to be able to locate the needed information and be able to organize it in an effective manner that will be able to communicate what they are researching and how the information that they have found all ties in together. In order to make what they are researching accurate and objective in all matter and they must also be able to identify through their research who are the top researchers in the fields that hey are researching and see what information these subject matter experts have been able to gather, as this will help the doctoral learners to be able to learn and evaluate what they are reading, and to see if it the given materials are relevant to what they are researching. We will write a custom essay sample on Module DQ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the Griffith Institute for Higher Education, it is imperative that a student be able to analyze and critically evaluate arguments and evidence appropriate to their disciplines (e. G. Collect and interpret data and information, generate and test hypotheses, synthesize and organize information).Often times the doctoral learner has been in many courses that they have had to conduct research on any given topic but at the level of a doctoral learner they may not have developed the critical thinking skills necessary to be able to completely evaluate what they are reading to see if this is exactly what they are looking for and be able to apply it to the research that they are conducting.The skill of evaluation of research is critical in becoming an analytical thinker, one who is not afraid to question what they re reading, should they come across materials in their research that are in conflict with the rest of their research. A doctoral learner must be able to read and careful ly analyze the materials before them and be able to present the material in a way that if they are in conflict be able to show why this information is not in agreement. Reference 2nd Edition: Crabber, G. , Patrick, C. -J. , Corralling, V. , Smith, C. , Worlds, K. , Webb, F. (201 1). Critical Evaluation Skills Toolkit. Retrieved from the World Wide Web 5 May 2015 at http://www. Griffith. Deed. U/ghee/resources-support/ graduate-attributes Geneva, You stated in your posting, Brandenburg, Whoppers, and Vermont (2005) states: not all resources are created equal, and learners must be judicious in their approach to evaluating research.Information literacy requires a learner to identify, understand, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each source before they can use it. This statement is absolutely true, because a student of higher education must be able to read through articles and papers and be able to see the strength and weakness of a particular paper and be blew to analyze the information to see how this either applies to what they are looking for or be able to identify if it does not.Scholarly research and reading can be time consuming and overbearing at times, because there are often times so much information available about a given topic that one must be patient in order to ensure that they are able to find the best information available for their particular topic, which could be difficult depending on the topic being researched. Reference Parkway, R, Bruce, R. R. (2005). Evaluating research in academic journals: A racial guide to realistic evaluation. Parkway Pub. Module 2 Q Doctoral learners will have to access and use varied forms of academic literature to conduct research, but learners must be able to evaluate and understand the quality of the resources. Four of the most popular academic resource databases are Protest, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Psychology, and Google Scholar. Compared to resources to the first three databases, is Google Scholar a valid for resource for doctoral research? Why or why not? Protest, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC),Psychology, and Google Scholar are all resources available to the doctoral learner so that they will be able to have many resources for their research. There are thousands upon thousands of articles and research papers by many different researchers in many different fields of study. Each of these databases have articles that are written by published researchers so we know that this information is valid and something that is of importance to the research community. Go ogle Scholar is a very large database of scholarly research that is available for easy searching of data and past research in even fields.They have peer reviewed journals by people from across the world, who are leaders in their field and many different scholarly books that could help student researchers gain additional insight in what they are studying and researching. I will utilize Google Scholar as an additional resource in my research so that can see as much information as possible in the research world so that I can verify that the information that I am reading and researching is correct and verified across the field of study that I wish to pursue.

Sustainability free essay sample

Globalisation and technological advancements have caused high levels of isibility of companys supply chains and so unsustainable practices could negatively affect them with controversy, consumer pressure, financial loss and poor reputation compared to competing businesses. This has led organisations needing to become more aware of their supply chain management and the social, economic and environmental impacts of their supply network (NZBCSD, 2003). Initially, sustainability would solely be associated with environmental factors comprising of the use of the planets resources and preserving them for future generations. In 1987, the WCED defined it simply as meeting the needs of the resent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The concept of sustainability has changed somewhat in recent times and more specific definition is Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations (USEPA, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This makes reference to the theory of the three pillars, also known as the triple bottom line model (figure 1). It is a common method of assessing sustainability nd rather than being independent of each other, the dimensions overlap so to achieve long-term sustainability, all three aspects need to be satisfied simultaneously. These factors are also thought to be order qualifiers, in that for a business to compete with another, it has to achieve a minimum level of performance for economic, social and environmental dimensions (Seuring Muller, 2008). Economic aspects imply building a strong, stable and sustainable economy which provides prosperity and opportunities for all. Social sustainability is ensuring a strong and healthy society whereby the needs of all people are met, promoting ersonal wellbeing, social cohesion and inclusion, and creating equal opportunity for all. Environmental sustainability is respecting the limits of the planets environment and resources, in addition to looking to improve our environment and ensure that the natural resources needed for life are unaffected and remain so for future generations (Elkington, 1997). In this assignment, sustainable supply chains will be evaluated, therefore we will define sustainability in relation to sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), which is the management of environmental, social and conomic impacts, and the encouragement of good governance practices, throughout the lifecycles of goods and services (United Nations Global Compact, 2010). A supply network consists ot all the processes and operations within an organisation linked together to eventually provide a product for the consumer. For an organisation to be sustainable, the individual strands in the network, known as supply chains, have to be too, which includes all of the operations and processes within them (Slack, et al. , 2004). The objective of SSCM is to create, protect and grow long-term environmental, ocial and economic value for all stakeholders involved in bringing products and services to market (UN Global Compact, 2010). One of the challenges for a supply chain manager is to develop a strategy that integrates competitive and corporate strategy, supply chain strategy and sustainability at each stage of the supply chain. The areas to consider for supply chain strategy are that social, economic and environmental factors influence business environment factors like customers, competitors, suppliers and investors. These determine the corporate and competitive trategy, which affects the supply chain strategy and its partners, processes and systems in place. These define the volume of SC operations including transport, warehousing and production. Supply chain operations cause direct effects to society, the economy and the environment like energy consumption, emissions and waste. The Ten Principles of Supply Chain Sustainability (UN Global Compact and Business for Social Responsibility 2010) The table above outlines the ten principles given by Global Compact (2010) for developing a sustainable supply chain and what businesses should engage their uppliers around to achieve sustainability. These principles can be built on to further develop the supply chain and the level of sustainability it is reaching. A flexible framework has been created which is now used when creating a sustainable supply chain. It is called the Global Compact Management Model and three principles; governance, transparency and engagement, are essential to each step in it. The first step is to establish a vision and objectives for sustainability within the company and then analyse business priorities and the impact of achieving this. Engagement with uppliers is then needed to determine objectives with them and help improve performance. Partnerships can be created and internal follow-ups will be ongoing so that adjustments can be made if necessary. Figure 3: Adapted from (UN Global Compact, 2010) to show the Global Compact Management Model There are a variety of behavioural characteristics of sustainable supply chains that could be considered crucial for companies to implement if they want to reach certain sustainability objectives. The first being partnership supply relationships. If a company has a poor relationship with either suppliers or ustomers then the business will not survive in the long-term. Short-term measures can be made to prevent instant collapse but without a solid network base the business cannot be sustained. A business needs to establish a strong connection with its suppliers so they can formulate objectives together and then look to continuously improve their supply chain in the way of productivity, distribution, manutacturing and cost efficiency. The business can ensure minimum standards in management practices are met including minimum hiring age, contracts with workers, health and safety conditions and incentives for exceptional performances.

Building a Network

Building a Network The Web abounds with writers who ponder how to develop that proverbial network thats supposed to represent their 1,000true fansthose fans who are supposed to make our growth possible. Those fans who want anything we have to offer, and tell others about it. In case you are not familiar with the concept, read these articles. You need to know. Your 1,000 True Fanshttp://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2008/03/1000-true-fans.html A 20-Step Process for Finding Your 1,000 True Fanscopyblogger.com/20-steps-1000-fans/ 1,000 True Fanskk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php But writers fail to build these fans. Either they are blind to the opportunities when they present themselves, or they profess they have no time. In either case, they set themselves up to fail. And when they need those fans the most, they fuss about not having them. I know you have limited time. Every other person on the planet has limited time. The successful manage their time more efficiently. So its on you, my friend. That is, assuming you seriously want to be a writer. So . . . to earn those true-blue 1,000 fans, you need to: 1) Return emails to anyone with the slightest interest in your work, without exception. Regardless of what you think of them, regardless of how serious you think they are about their writing, regardless of how quirky, angry, bubble-headed, or tacky they are. You are not in this business to judge. You are in this business to write, and in this effort, you have no right to be selective about who has the potential to like your work. In other words, enjoy anyone who likes reading and writing. Were all different. There is no right or wrong. 2) At conferences, collect those business cards, and upon your return home, reach out and rejuvenate that connection. Be gracious. 3) Be liberal in your Facebook and Twitter connections and friends. 4) Be bold in your profiles on any online resource (Twitter, Facebook, Goodreads, Amazon, Pinterest, Google, LinkedIn, etc.). Liberal means being upfront about what type writer you are. Show others you mean business in this writing business. 5) Reach out. Whether you have a newsletter or keep a blog, communicate. If you dont have time for your fans, why should they have time for you? 6) Smile. Enjoy others company. Appreciate people. Sounds like work, doesnt it. Duh! Of course it is. But its the most rewarding work, outside of writing your stories, that you can accomplish. Assuming you want to put WRITER on your tax return under PROFESSION.

Probability of Union of 3 or More Sets

Probability of Union of 3 or More Sets When two events are mutually exclusive, the probability of their union can be calculated with the addition rule. We know that for rolling a die, rolling a number greater than four or a number less than three are mutually exclusive events, with nothing in common. So to find the probability of this event, we simply add the probability that we roll a number greater than four to the probability that we roll a number less than three. In symbols, we have the following, where the capital P  denotes â€Å"probability of†: P(greater than four or less than three) P(greater than four) P(less than three) 2/6 2/6 4/6. If the events are not mutually exclusive, then we do not simply add the probabilities of the events together, but we need to subtract the probability of the intersection of the events. Given the events A and B: P(A U B) P(A) P(B) - P(A ∠© B). Here we account for the possibility of double-counting those elements that are in both A and B, and that is why we subtract the probability of the intersection. The question that arises from this is, â€Å"Why stop with two sets? What is the probability of the union of more than two sets?† Formula for Union of 3 Sets We will extend the above ideas to the situation where we have three sets, which we will denote A, B, and C. We will not assume anything more than this, so there is the possibility that the sets have a non-empty intersection. The goal will be to calculate the probability of the union of these three sets, or P (A U B U C). The above discussion for two sets still holds. We can add together the probabilities of the individual sets A, B, and C, but in doing this we have double-counted some elements. The elements in the intersection of A and B have been double counted as before, but now there are other elements that have potentially been counted twice. The elements in the intersection of A and C and in the intersection of B and C have now also been counted twice. So the probabilities of these intersections must also be subtracted. But have we subtracted too much? There is something new to consider that we did not have to be concerned about when there were only two sets. Just as any two sets can have an intersection, all three sets can also have an intersection. In trying to make sure that we did not double count anything, we have not counted at all those elements that show up in all three sets. So the probability of the intersection of all three sets must be added back in. Here is the formula that is derived from the above discussion: P (A U B U C) P(A) P(B) P(C) - P(A ∠© B) - P(A ∠© C) - P(B ∠© C) P(A ∠© B ∠© C) Example Involving 2 Dice To see the formula for the probability of the union of three sets, suppose we are playing a board game that involves rolling two dice. Due to the rules of the game, we need to get at least one of the die to be a two, three or four to win. What is the probability of this? We note that we are trying to calculate the probability of the union of three events: rolling at least one two, rolling at least one three, rolling at least one four. So we can use the above formula with the following probabilities: The probability of rolling a two is 11/36. The numerator here comes from the fact that there are six outcomes in which the first die is a two, six in which the second die is a two, and one outcome where both dice are twos. This gives us 6 6 - 1 11.The probability of rolling a three is 11/36, for the same reason as above.The probability of rolling a four is 11/36, for the same reason as above.The probability of rolling a two and a three is 2/36. Here we can simply list the possibilities, the two could come first or it could come second.The probability of rolling a two and a four is 2/36, for the same reason that probability of a two and a three is 2/36.The probability of rolling a two, three and a four is 0 because we are only rolling two dice and there is no way to get three numbers with two dice. We now use the formula and see that the probability of getting at least a two, a three or a four is 11/36 11/36 11/36 – 2/36 – 2/36 – 2/36 0 27/36. Formula for Probability of Union of 4 Sets The reason why the formula for the probability of the union of four sets has its form is similar to the reasoning for the formula for three sets. As the number of sets increases, the number of pairs, triples and so on increase as well. With four sets there are six pairwise intersections that must be subtracted, four triple intersections to add back in, and now a quadruple intersection that needs to be subtracted. Given four sets A, B, C and D, the formula for the union of these sets is as follows: P (A U B U C U D) P(A) P(B) P(C) P(D) - P(A ∠© B) - P(A ∠© C) - P(A ∠© D)- P(B ∠© C) - P(B ∠© D) - P(C ∠© D) P(A ∠© B ∠© C) P(A ∠© B ∠© D) P(A ∠© C ∠© D) P(B ∠© C ∠© D) - P(A ∠© B ∠© C ∠© D). Overall Pattern We could write formulas (that would look even scarier than the one above) for the probability of the union of more than four sets, but from studying the above formulas we should notice some patterns. These patterns hold to calculate unions of more than four sets. The probability of the union of any number of sets can be found as follows: Add the probabilities of the individual events.Subtract the probabilities of the intersections of every pair of events.Add the probabilities of the intersection of every set of three events.Subtract the probabilities of the intersection of every set of four events.Continue this process until the last probability is the probability of the intersection of the total number of sets that we started with.

Strategic marketing management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic marketing management - Coursework Example Sony, a leading firm in the rapidly changing digital appliance industry has continued to explore and establish new markets globally. In addition, the corporation has been dealing with customer electronics from the time the World War II ended. The company with their wide experience and participation in the global market for long, it has enabled the company to grow and become the global company and the wealthiest. The company markets its products and services globally under the famous trademark â€Å"Sony†, which is registered in more than 204 countries globally. These subsidiaries both in Japan and those distributed all over the world, has the responsibility of marketing the company’s products and services (Hodgson, 1998, p19). The Sony Corporation has more than 30 Subsidiaries Company in Japan and more than 50 subsidiaries outside Japan. Sony Marketing (Japan) Inc. has the role of sales and marketing of the company’s products. ... es that excel from given technological advancement or have been experiencing new inventions at entering the market; thus, posing challenge to Sony Corporation. Secondly, company has also experienced the aspect of price fluctuation from technological advancement and competitive dynamics thus influencing the aspect of demand and supply in the world market. For example, when the product prices of HDD rise, the profits of products experience pressure, which cannot be warranted. Thirdly, the company’s products have rapidly become obsolete thus shortening the product life cycle. Apart from internationalizing its products, the promoting the company undertakes marketing strategies the engage on research and development of potential markets globally. 1.1 Marketing strategy The modern theories dealing with marketing strategies emphasize the need for business and companies embrace the modern competitive strategies on the business environment. The theory by Anthony Freeling suggests that there is the need for business to embrace the element of agile, marketing strategy. The marketing agile will enable the company to respond to the issues of market demands without any difficulty. The theories on the marketing strategies need that the companies develop competitive strategies that will allow them compete with other rival companies effectively. According to the modern theories of strategic marketing, the traditional marketing strategies have proved to be slow and laborious in nature thus results in increasing the cost of operations of the company. Marketing strategy is a marketing approach that companies to capture market niche in the consumer environment use that. The business set-up utilizes and employs the use of marketing strategy to gain and maximize the optimal profit

Culture conduct in other countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Culture conduct in other countries - Essay Example To run your business successfully in another country it requires a proper understanding of the culture of that country. And to understand the culture of that country, it is required to know and learn the language of that country. Every culture has different parameters and guidelines of thought. And the best way to understand the thought behind these parameters and guidelines is the language (Malt et. al, 1999). Language not only provides knowledge about culture, it also provides knowledge about economic and political situations. Knowledge of other languages has become very essential because now million of people share their ideas, common interests and communicate with each other across the world through internet and going cross border for businesses and study. All these things are possible due to the technological advancements. Here we take the example of America; the trade is growing rapidly here. Some business people are learning Spanish and Portuguese for there businesses. And now adays people are getting knowledge of other languages for economic integrations. Many Canadians have ability to speak English and French. And they have adopted these languages for the improvement of their jobs and businesses. So the knowledge of other languages gives us a unique thought and this thought helps us to make concepts and decisions correctly. Etiquette is a code of behavior or social behavior within the society, social class or group. Rules of etiquette generally based on social interaction within the society. It may be reflection of ethical codes, fashion and status of society, group or class. When someone is interacting with large social group or variety of people which have same interest, so there are some general rules to interact with them and these rules are socially acceptable. Business etiquette is similar to the social etiquette, but they are particularly for coworker’s interaction and vary from business to business (Johnson, 1997). When a businessman

My Critical Views On Global Climate Change Essay Example for Free

My Critical Views On Global Climate Change Essay It is clear that even despite actions with regards to using measures and activities that are environmentally friendly, much more work is needed in order to address the problem of global climate change. The implementation of international protocols and requiring countries to meet certain environmental standards is certainly a big step towards addressing this issue. More intergovernmental cooperation is also another prospective answer to this problem. The more developed countries should also take the lead in encouraging the shift away from more traditional methods of production towards more environmentally friendly methods through the award of grants and exchange of technology (Torn and Harte, 2006). The creation of a body that is designed to not only specifically develop policies regarding this issue but also be given the power to enforce these policies will allow for the more efficient reduction of these greenhouse gases (Torn and Harte, 2006). It is unclear just how effective these policies may be but the fact that is clear is that in order to address this issue, each and every person in the world must take part in reducing the emission of these greenhouse gases which is the main cause of this problem (Gore, 2006). Simple steps such as taking the public transport or walking instead of taking carbon monoxide emitting vehicles will go a long way. There are many things that people can do in order to contribute to the improvement of the current environmental condition. It does not take a lot and it all starts with the awareness of the gravity of the situation. While the general scientific consensus is that global warming is real and its overall effects are detrimental, there are still some prominent scientists who feel that the severe effects of global warming have been sensationalized. Certain members of society take the idea of global warming with the normal temperature and that the temperature of the surface of the Earth has not severely increased over the last one hundred years. They claim that the temperature data collected in the 1970’s were taken in urbanized areas using different kinds of thermometers, hence the temperature readings were influenced by human error and do not precisely show drastic temperature changes in the surface of the Earth as well as in the oceans. It is therefore important the satellite data be acquired for the coming next decades in order to generate robust and reliable temperature readings that society and the scientific world will acceptable without any doubts on its credibility and efficiency. It is also of prime importance that scientific and legislative bodies prove that global warming does actually occur as a result of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. Geological scientists have gather substantial fossil evidence that prove that carbon dioxide concentrations have increased on the surface of the Earth, which thus results in a warmer surface, but the direct connection between the increase in carbon dioxide and the temperature increase at the actual in situ settings should still be observed. Most of the information and generalizations that scientists have collected were based on laboratory conditions where most of the components of the setup were easily regulated and controlled, such as humidity and temperature. There are currently a number of models that may be used in forecasting average surface temperatures on the Earth, but there is still a need to also design a model that could predict the amount of human-made emissions that could trigger the same features that cause global warming. There is quite a huge number of people in society that still do not understand the climate changes and what triggers such disturbances in our current weather. In the United States, there has been some restriction with regards to releasing information and disseminating information with regards to global warming. The Union of Concerned Scientists to the Oversight and Government Reform Committee of the senate has reported that the current administration has instructed research scientists to filter any information that they release to the public and that only issues that fit the current administration should be reported. The phrases of global warming and climate change have thus been identified as taboo in any type of communication that is delivered to the American society. Such restriction has resulted in the resignation of a number of scientists who have a personal belief that the truth with regards to any discovery should be released to the public as soon as possible (Andrew, 2007). Every country is now aware of the causes and effects of global warming on the ecosystem. There has been great speculation that global warming is both a natural and a man-made phenomenon. Whatever the cause is, it is imperative that every citizen understands what global warming is and what measures can be taken in order to minimize, avoid or prevent the increase in accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. References Andrew B (2007): Scientific bodies must take own action on emissions. Nature 448(7155):749 Choi O and Fisher A (2003): The impacts of socioeconomic development and climate change on severe weather catastrophe losses: Mid-Atlantic region (MAR) and the U. S. Climate Change Vol. 58, pp. 149. Gore A (2006): An inconvenient truth: The planetary emergency of global warming and what we can do about it. Rodale Books. Gregory JM, Stouffer RJ and Raper SCG (2002): An observationally based estimate of the climate sensitivity. J. Climate 15(22):3117-21. Haigh JD (2003): The effects of solar variability on the Earths climate. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 361(1802):91-111.

Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness essays

Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it represents the inner truth beneath the white surface reality. White people and objects represent the exterior reality that obscures the deeper truth present in darkness.    The Europeans in the novel represent those who hide from the truth within them and within reality. In Conrad's novel, most Europeans are portrayed as self-deceptive; they use societal customs to obscure the darkness and emptiness present within their souls. The chief accountant exemplifies the self-deceptive European. Marlow gives his impression of the accountant in this excerpt, "I took him [the accountant] for a sort of vision. I saw a high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket... He was amazing" (Conrad 84). The accountant later stated, "The groans of this sick person distract my attention [from his work]" (Conrad 85). The accountant is so centered on maintaining a proper European image and European work ethic that he impressed Marlow, but the accountant showed no compassion for his fellow man. The accountant's appearance belied the darkness in his soul. Similar to the accountant, the General Manager maintained an aura of white civilization to hide the em ptiness and darkness that existed beneath his white surface. The manager paid proper ... ...ists within every human soul. Conrad used the contrasting images of white and black to illustrate his view that evil exists within us all. Light, which relates to civilization and its practices, helps to control and hide the dark truth within us, but that black truth of human nature will always remain.       Sources Consulted:    Conrad, Joseph. Norton Critical Editions: Heart of Darkness.   Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York: W. W.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norton, 1963. 3-79. Gekoski, R. A.. "Heart of Darkness." Modern Critical Interpretation: Joseph Conrad's Heart of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darkness.   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 57-76.    Said, Edward W "The Past and the Present: Conrad's Shorter Fiction."   Modern Critical Views: Joseph Conrad. Ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 29-52.    Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness essays Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it represents the inner truth beneath the white surface reality. White people and objects represent the exterior reality that obscures the deeper truth present in darkness.    The Europeans in the novel represent those who hide from the truth within them and within reality. In Conrad's novel, most Europeans are portrayed as self-deceptive; they use societal customs to obscure the darkness and emptiness present within their souls. The chief accountant exemplifies the self-deceptive European. Marlow gives his impression of the accountant in this excerpt, "I took him [the accountant] for a sort of vision. I saw a high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket... He was amazing" (Conrad 84). The accountant later stated, "The groans of this sick person distract my attention [from his work]" (Conrad 85). The accountant is so centered on maintaining a proper European image and European work ethic that he impressed Marlow, but the accountant showed no compassion for his fellow man. The accountant's appearance belied the darkness in his soul. Similar to the accountant, the General Manager maintained an aura of white civilization to hide the em ptiness and darkness that existed beneath his white surface. The manager paid proper ... ...ists within every human soul. Conrad used the contrasting images of white and black to illustrate his view that evil exists within us all. Light, which relates to civilization and its practices, helps to control and hide the dark truth within us, but that black truth of human nature will always remain.       Sources Consulted:    Conrad, Joseph. Norton Critical Editions: Heart of Darkness.   Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York: W. W.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norton, 1963. 3-79. Gekoski, R. A.. "Heart of Darkness." Modern Critical Interpretation: Joseph Conrad's Heart of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darkness.   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 57-76.    Said, Edward W "The Past and the Present: Conrad's Shorter Fiction."   Modern Critical Views: Joseph Conrad. Ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 29-52.   

Partial fulfilment of the Requirement Essay

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Nowadays, we are experiencing diseases which is caused by insects like mosquito. To name some are Dengue, Hemorrhagic Fever, and Malaria wherein if not treated early it can cause death. Mosquitoes are all around the corner of our environment. They are not that big but can cut off life. To control the mosquitoes, different mosquito repellent are made and the laboratory chemicals are effective but they are quite expensive and not environmental friendly. Chemicals also are harmful to our health; it may cause a sudden death in case of improper handling. In the rural barangays there are common herbal plants used by rural folks in exterminating harmful insects like mosquitoes. And so the research was conceptualized to detect the insecticidal effect of Alliums cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes and make a mosquito repellent out of onion and garlic, a not expensive repellent that everyone especially the poor ones can afford. Garlic and Onion contains allicin that is capable of repelling mosquitoes and allicin is inimical to mosquitoes. Another reason is garlic and onion has also a strong odour that overwhelms the mosquito’s sense of smell and prevents from finding their prey (us). Statement of the Problem This study will be conducted to examine if there is an insecticidal effect in the extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) on mosquitoes and to make a repellent out of it that will be guided with the following questions: * Is there an insecticidal effect in the extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) on mosquitoes? * Is the extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) effective as a mosquito repellent? Objectives Generally, the study aims to determine if there is an insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes. Specifically, the study aims to know if the extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) is effective on repelling mosquitoes. Significance of the Study The study can help in repelling mosquitoes for it will examine the insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes. This study will be helpful to people especially those living with many mosquitoes around them for it will be easy for them to make it and it’s safe. And the repellent will be an environmental friendly. It can also help lessen the dengue and malaria outbreak. Scope and Limitations The study will be conducted from November 2012 to December 2012. It will be conducted on a cool warm dry room. The effectiveness of this repellent will be applicable to the place where the experiment will be conducted. Hypothesis There will be no insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes. The extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum will not be effective as a mosquito repellent. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Recently, our country is suffering from different kinds of outbreak just like dengue and malaria outbreak and this is caused by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are around us, they are small but they can cause death if you are bitten with it. To control these insects some of us buy expensive insecticide though it is effective it is also harmful. Harmful to our health because it contain chemicals that if mishandled can cause to death. It’s not also environmental friendly. Herbal repellent are commonly used by rural barangays where the people find it difficult for them to buy commercially available insecticides for mosquitoes, and so the researcher was conceptualize to examine if there is an insecticidal effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) on mosquitoes and to make a repellent that is effective to repell mosquitoes, a non-toxic repellent, an environmental friendly and a cheaper mosquito repellent. Onion and Garlic has an allicin that is capable of repelling mosquitoes and other insects. The allicin which is released by Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) are inimical by mosquitoes. The another reason why Garlic and Onion can repell mosquitoes is their strong smell that overwhelms the mosquito’s and prevent them from finding their prey (us). Onion Onion is the common name for herbaceous, cold season plant Allium cepa, which is characterized by an edible, rounded bulb composed of concentric, fleshy, tightly packed, and an enlarged leaf basses. Onion is also the name of this edible bulb, which is commercially valuable and known for its pungent oil that departs a strong taste. Onion are found in a large number of recipes and preparations spanning almost the totality of the world’s cultures. The whole plant is edible and is used as food in some form or other. They are now available in fresh, frozen, canned, caramelized, pickled, powdered, chopped and dehydrated formed. Onion can be used, usually chopped our sliced, in almost every type of food, including cooked foods and fresh salads and as spicy garnish. In European cultures they are rarely eaten on their own, but usually act as accompaniment to the main course. Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent mild or sweet. Onion contains allicin that is capable of repelling mosquitoes. Onions can also repel mosquitoes because of its strong odour and its spicy flavour which mosquitoes hate. Commonly a red onion is used by repelling mosquitoes. Garlic garlic is plant grown for its sharp-tasting bulb, which is used to season foods. Some plants related to garlic including the onion also have strong flavour. The garlic bulb consists of parts called cloves. The cloves may be eaten or used for planting. A brittle papery covering called a tunic grows around each cloves] and around the whole bulb. There are several important components of garlic that have been identified, and many more that have not. Alliin is an odourless sulphur-containing chemical derived from the amino acid cysteine. When garlic bulbs are crushed, alliin is converted into another compound called allicin. Allicin appears to be one of the primary active compounds that gives garlic its characteristic odor and many of its healing benefits. However, allicin is not absorbed effectively by the human body. To combat this problem, aged garlic is fermented to break allicin down to usable compounds. These compounds are water-soluble sulphur compounds (S-ally cysteine and others) and an amount of oil-soluble sulphur compounds. Alicia is a powerful compound of garlic. If the garlic releases an illicit it is inimical to mosquitoes. They have therefore evolved to avoid garlic, another reason why garlic can repel mosquitoes is that the strong smell of garlic overwhelms the mosquito’s sense of smell and prevents them from finding their prey (us). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Materials Alliums cape (Onion) and Alliums stadium (Garlic) will be the main components of the repellent and will be the source of illicit. Cayenne pepper will be added to onion and garlic to make it spicier. Liquid dish soap will be needed to make the repellent fragrant. In getting the extract of Onion and Garlic, blender will be used. A sprayer is also needed wherein the repellent will be placed. Test Organism Fifty mosquitoes will be collected and must be distributed equally to five containers for the five set-ups. Mosquitoes will serve as the test organism. Test Procedure In making the repellent, chop into small pieces the onion and garlic without peeling. Place the chopped onions and garlic at the blender with the cayenne pepper. Then place a 250 mol amount of water. Blend on a slow speed to a milky consistency. After blending place the extract of onion and garlic pin a empty bottle sprayer. Wait an hour to add 50mL liquid dish soap for the extract will be odorous. Then shake well. In determining the insecticidal effect, there will be five set up. The first repellent will have 100g of onion and garlic. Second set up will have 100g of onion and 70 g of garlic. Third setup will have 70g of onion and 100g of garlic. The fourth set-up will have 100g of onion and 100g of garlic and liquid dish soap will not be added. And the fifth set-up will be a commercial insecticide to determine is what is more effective. One set-up will be sprayed at the one container with mosquitoes and the researcher will record how long will all the mosquitoes die and how many mosquito will die in one 30 sec, 1 min, 1 min and 30 sec, and 2 min. The other set-ups will also undergo this procedure. RESEARCH PLAN Student’s Name| Kamille Joy P. Tamanu| Year Level | IV| School| Camalaniugan National High School| School Address| Dugo, Camalaniugan, Cagayan| Title of Project| Insecticidal Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum on Mosquitoes| Tel. /Fax. No| (078)-844-2036| Project Adviser| Rowena Arellano| This year’s experiment began| Conducted the work at School and Home| MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic) will be the main components of the repellent and will be the source of allicin. Cayenne pepper will be added to onion and garlic to make it spicier. Liquid dish soap will be needed to make the repellent fragrant. In getting the extract of Onion and Garlic, blender will be used. A sprayer is also needed wherein the repellent will be placed. Test Organism Fifty mosquitoes will be collected and must be distributed equally to five containers for the five set-ups. Mosquitoes will serve as the test organism. Test Procedure In making the repellent, chop into small pieces the onion and garlic without peeling. Place the chopped onions and garlic at the blender with the cayenne pepper. Then place a 250 mL amount of water. Blend on a slow speed to a milky consistency. After blending place the extract of onion and garlic pin an empty bottle sprayer. Wait an hour to add 50mL liquid dish soap for the extract will be odorous. Then shake well. In determining the insecticidal effect, there will be five set up. The first repellent will have 100g of onion and garlic. Second set up will have 100g of onion and 70 g of garlic. Third setup will have 70g of onion and 100g of garlic. The fourth set-up will have 100g of onion and 100g of garlic and liquid dish soap will not be added. And the fifth set-up will be a commercial insecticide to determine is what is more effective. One set-up will be sprayed at the one container with mosquitoes and the researcher will record how long will all the mosquitoes die and how many mosquito will die in one 30 sec, 1 min, 1 min and 30 sec, and 2 min. The other set-ups will also undergo this procedure. Bibliography Book O.A Lorenz Academic American Encyclopaedia 1994 Vol.9, pp.48 O.A Lorenz Academic American Encyclopaedia 1994 Vol.14, pp.390-391 Anton A. Redneck, World Book 2006, Vol.8, pp.44 George R. Hughes, World Book 2006, Vol.14, pp.163 Internet Sites http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/garlic.htm http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/onion.htm http://organicgardeningweb.com/Recipe%20book/Pesticide%20Recipes/Garlic%20Spray.htm http://recipegoldmine.com/house/all-purpose-insect-spray.html

A Term Paper on an Analysis on the Comparison

This report, an analysis on the comparison of customer satisfaction between Grahame Phone & Beanlike has been prepared to fulfill the partial requirement of ABA program. While preparing this report, I had great opportunity to have an in depth knowledge of activities, especially on the research methodology . This report brings helps to develop our understanding about formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses. At first we collect 50 people's person data then find out the customer of the gap ; bankrolling. Hen we comparison of the customer satisfaction. This research improves our knowledge, skills ; ability. In ABA program on the course BUS 405 Research Methodology for Business is very important things. Students know about the research. Knowledge of research not only helps one to look at the available information In sophisticated and creative ways in the fast-paced global environment that business race but this knowledge also helps In other ways. Modern technology has made research an excellent and a relatively smooth process.Today a personal computer with a modem or any means to an internet connection places one within easy reach of knowledge of what happening in the global environment. Technology has facilitated the research process and decision making. 1. 2 Objective * To Identify the satisfaction level To Identify the average expenditure * To identify the burden level * To identify the average per minute call charge of BAL ; GAP connection to subscribers opinion * To identify ; analysis that mobile phone is playing a significant role in the economic development of Bangladesh. . 3 Methodology Methodology is very important : useful thing in a report. Methodology is a guideline system for salving a problem with specific components. Such us phases, task, Method, techniques ; tools. There are two sources of data collection: * Primary sources There are several method of collecting data : The observation method is the mostly commonly used method in studied relating to behavioral sciences. In a way we all observe things around us, but this sort observation is not is scientific observation.Observation becomes a scientific tool and the method of data collection for the researcher when it serves a formulated research purpose is systematically planned and recorded and is subjected to checks and controls on validity band reliability. 2. Interview The interview method of collecting data involves presentation of oral – verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral – verbal responses. This method can be used through arsenal interviews. 3.Through questionnaires The method of collecting data by mailing the questionnaires to respondents is most extensively employed in various economic and business surveys. The merits claimed on behalf of this method are as follows: a) There is low cost even when the universe so large and is widely spread geographically b) It is free from the bias of the interviewer: answers are in respondent own words, c) Respon dents have adequate time to give well thought out answers. D) Large samples can be made use of and thus the results can be made more dependable and reliable. 4. Through the schedulesThis method of data collection is very much like the collection of data through questionnaire with little difference which lies in the fact that schedules are being filled in by the enumerators who are specially appointed for purpose. These enumerators along with schedules go to respondents put to them the questions from the Performa in the order the questions are listed and record the replies in the space meant of the same Performa. Ins certain situation schedules may be handed over the respondents and enumerators may help them in recording their answers to various questions in the said schedules.Enumerators explain the aims and objects of the investigation and also remove the difficulties which any respondent may feel in understanding the implications of a particular question or the definition of conce pt of difficult terms. 5. Discussion with the officer with the officer of BAL ; GAP * Secondary sources 1. Annual report of BAL ; GAP 2. Various document s from BAL ; GAP 3. Different websites, books 4. Internal record 1. 4 Scope . This report, an analysis on the comparison of customer satisfaction between Grahame Phone ; Beanlike. T has been prepared to fulfill the partial acquirement of ABA program. While preparing this report, I had great opportunity to have an in depth knowledge of activities, especially on the research methodology . This report brings helps to develop our understanding about formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses. At first we collect 50 people's person data then find out the customer of the gap & bankrolling. Then we comparison of the customer satisfaction. This research improves our knowledge, skills & ability. Important things. 1. Limitation On the way of the report, an analysis on the comparison of customer satisfaction teen Grahame Phone & Beanlike, I f aced the following problems, which may be termed as the limitations of the study. The major limitations of this study are given as follows I. There were some restrictions to have access to the information confidential by concern people ii. Some of the people cannot share their actual information. Iii. I have no proper experience to do this kind of report. So, inexperience creates obstacle to follow the systematic and logical research methodology.Part: 2 Overview of the cellular phone Industry 2. 1 history of the industry Grahame phone: Gramophone, widely known as GAP, is the leading telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh. With more than 32 million subscribers (as of June 2011) Gramophone is the largest cellular operator in the country. It is a Joint venture enterprise between Telethon and Grahame Telecoms Corporation, a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed micromanage organization and community development bank Grahame Bank. Telethon, the largest tel ecommunications company in Norway, owns 55. % shares of Gramophone, Grahame Telecoms owns 34. 2% and the remaining 10% is publicly held. Gramophone was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also established the first 24-hour Call Center to support its subscribers. With the slogan Stay Close, stated goal of Gramophone is to provide affordable telephony to the entire population of Bangladesh. The idea of providing universal mobile phone access throughout Bangladesh, including its rural areas, was originally conceived by Cabal Quadric, who is currently the founder and director of telegram Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT.He was inspired by the Grahame Bank microcircuit model and envisioned a business model where a cell phone can revere as a source of income. After leaving his Job as an investment banker in the United States, Quadric traveled back to Bangladesh, after meeting and successfully raising money from New York based investor and phil anthropist Joshua Mailman, and worked for three years gaining support from various organizations including Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yuan's of Grahame Bank and the Norwegian telephone company, Telephone was finally successful in forming a consortium with Telethon and Grahame Bank to establish Gramophone.Quadric remained a shareholder of Gramophone until 2004. Gramophone received license for cellular phone operation in Bangladesh from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications on November 28, 1996. Gramophone started operations on offered a mobile-to-mobile connectivity (widely known as GAP-GAP connection), which created a lot of enthusiasm among the users. It became the first operator to reach the million subscriber milestone as well as ten million subscriber milestone in Bangladesh. November 28, 1996: Gramophone Ltd. Received cellular license by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Bangladesh.March 26, 1997: Gramophone launched its service on the Independence Day of Bangladesh. June 1998: Gramophone started its services in Chitchatting, the second largest city and the port city of Bangladesh. Cell to cell coverage between Dacha-Chitchatting was established. 1999: Gramophone started its service in Chula, the industrial city of Bangladesh. Also cell to cell coverage between Dacha and Chula brought a number of other districts under coverage. 2000: Gramophone started its services in Rajahs, the education city of Bangladesh.Service also started in Sylphs and Barista and thus all six divisional headquarters got the cellular network coverage for the first time Bangladesh. August 2003: Gramophone's subscribes base has become more than one million. Gramophone became the first operator in the country to reach the million subscribers. November 2005: Gramophone registered more than 5 million subscribers. November 5, 2006: Gramophone crosses the 10 million subscriber mark after almost ten years of operation. September 20, 2007: Gramophone reaches 15 million subscribers mark.June 2008: Gramophone reaches 20 million subscribers landmark. On the November 16, 2006 GAP formally changed its logo to match its parent company Telethon's logo. According o GAP the new logo symbolizes trust, reliability, quality and constant progress. The name Gramophone was kept as part of the new identity because the name Gramophone carries with it all of the heritage, success and values of the company's past, added the then CEO of Gramophone Erik As. Bankrolling: Bankrolling is the second largest cellular service provider in Bangladesh after Gramophone.As of November, 2009, Bankrolling has a subscriber base of 12. 99 million. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rococo Telecoms. Bankrolling had 1. 03 million connections until December, 2005. The number of Bankrolling users increased by 257 per cent and stood at 3. 64 million at the end of 2006, making it the fastest growing operator in the world of that year. In August, 2006, Bankrolling became the first company to provide free incoming calls from BUTT for both postpaid and prepaid connections. On August 20, 2008, Bankrolling got past the landmark of 10 million subscriber base.Sheep Telecoms(Pat Ltd)-after talking lots- finally was granted license in 1989 to operate in the rural areas of 199 piazzas. Later it obtained GSM license in 1996 to extend its business to cellular mobile, radio telephone services. It launched operation in the last quarter of 1997 as a Bangladesh-Malaysia Joint venture. In July, 2004, it was reported that Egypt based Rococo Telecoms is set to purchase the Malaysian stakes in Sheep Telecoms through a hush-hush deal, as Sheep had failed to tap the business potentials in Bangladesh mainly due to a chronic feud between its Malaysian and Bangladesh partners.An agreement was reached with Rococo worth IIS$25 million was finalized in secret. The pact has been kept secret for legal reasons, considering dealing was the Joint venture agreement between the Bangladesh an d the Malaysian ratters, which dictates that if any party sells its Sheep shares, the other party will enjoy the first right to buy that. Integrated Services Ltd. (SSL), the Bangladesh partner, was being ‘officially shown as purchasing the shares held by Technology Resources Industries URI) of Malaysia for $15 million.SSL then paid another $10 million to Standard Chartered Bank to settle Saba's liabilities. In September, 2004, Rococo Telecoms Holdings purchased 100% of the shares of Sheep Telecoms (Pat. ) Limited (â€Å"Sheep†). It was acquired for IIS$60 million. Sheep had a base of 59,000 users, of whom 49,000 were regular when it was sold. Afterward it was re-branded and launched its services under the â€Å"Bankrolling† brand on February 10, 2005. Bankrolling;s license is a nationwide 15-year GSM license and will expire in November, 2011. In March, 2008, Sheep Telecoms (Pat. Limited changed its name as Rococo Telecoms Bangladesh Limited, matching its parent c ompany name 2. 2 mission & vision of the companies Mission & vision of GAP: The gramophone Ltd aims at providing reliable, widespread, convenient mobile and cast effective telephone services to the people in Bangladesh irrespective of where they live. Such services will also help Bangladesh keep pace with other entries including those in south Africa region and reduce her existing disparity in telecoms services between urban & rural area. To be leading provider of telecommunication services with satisfied customers and share holder and enthusiastic employees. † Mission & vision of BAL: Bankrolling aims to understand peoples' needs best and develop appropriate communication services to improve peoples' life and make it simple. All our work is aimed towards meeting our vision. All members of the bankrolling family are highly passionate individuals, fully committed to achieving the vision that we have set ourselves. Our customers' needs matter most to us- making their life simple and improving it is all we want.To ensure our vision is achieved, we have set ourselves a few values, we want to be: Straight Forward, Reliable, Innovative, Passionate. All the bankrolling family members have one thing in common- a passion to serve. We want to go that extra mile, so that you can have the best possible service. Limiting in the future of Bangladesh. 2. 3 Market invention Market invention of GAP: According to Gramophone, it has so far invested more than BAT 10,700 core (USED 1. 6 billion) to build the network infrastructure since 1997.It has invested over BAT 3,100 core (USED 450 million) during the first three quarters of 2007 while BAT 2,100 core (USED 310 million) was invested in 2006 alone. Gramophone has built the largest cellular network in the country with over 10,000 base stations in more than 5700 locations. Presently, nearly 98 percent of the country's population is within the coverage area of the Gramophone network. The entire Gramophone network is also EDG E/GAPS enabled, allowing access to dial-up quality speed Internet and data services from anywhere within the coverage area. There are currently nearly 3 millionEDGE/GAPS users in the Gramophone network. Market invention of bal: Bankrolling offers a wide range of products and services to suit the needs of the dedicated enterprise relationship manager who provides them with personalized customer care round the clock. Other benefits of enterprise include customized packages with attractive call charges and connection price, enterprise SMS broadcast, enterprise short code, international roaming, missed call alerts, free voice mail retrieval, fax and data service, call conferencing, special offer for family members and many more. It was first launched in December, 2006.The current packages are: * enterprise corporate; targeted at the corporate segment * enterprise SEEM; targeted at the SEEM segment * enterprise personal Prior to the launch of Bankrolling enterprise, Bankrolling served th e business clientele through a similar platform named Bankrolling professional. 2. 4: Products Description: Gramophone was the first operator to introduce the pre-paid mobile phone service in Bangladesh in September 1999. It offers the pre-paid subscription under the name Easy Prepaid which is currently called â€Å"shoji ,Bond ,Upon, smile, sponsor, Business Solution prepaid†.Besides shoji, Bond, Upon, smile, sponsor, Business Solution, Gramophone also offers a youth based mobile to mobile connectivity within Bangladesh named deduce. Gramophone also offers postpaid mobile service. Explore Postpaid is the name of its post paid service. Internet: Gramophone provides internet service in its coverage area. As it has EDGE/GAPS enabled network, any subscriber can access to internet through this network. Gramophone was the first mobile operator in Bangladesh to offer EDGE services to its subscribers. Bill Pay: A service to enable users to pay their utility bills Electricity/Gas thr ough mobile.Cell Bazaar : Services to enable users sell or buy products through mobile or internet. Various other services like Stock Information, Instant Messaging, SMS Based Alerts/ Services, Voice-based Services, Downloads, Music, Cricket Updates, Web SMS, Mobile Backup etc. Bankrolling currently offers two prepaid plans. All the prepaid plans come in two phases-?Standard and MM. All connections provide GAPS to subscribers. Des, with the slogan Eek Des Eek Rate! (means one country one rate! ), is one of the cheapest prepaid plans in the country by tariff. Users of Des can call any mobile operator at 0. Take during 12 AM to 5 PM. It also has three Fan numbers. Des was launched on September 14, 2006. Des rang is launched as a brand extension to enrich the brand of Des. Rang is a Bengali word which means color. It is introduced with the catch phrase-?Ranging Din Pan Jawbone (misdemeanors your life. ). This package is beneficial for customers who mainly make calls to their own networ k and are heavy SMS users. It offers four on-net Fan numbers, but no off-net Fan number. Regular prepaid was the first package Bankrolling had to offer. It is currently unavailable in the market. Ladies, first! Tit the slogan Shampooer Network (means network of relationships), was tailored for women. It was launched on September 3, 2005. It had introduced 1 second pulse for the first time in the prepaid market. It offered four Fan numbers. It is currently unavailable in the market. Be linked! Was launched on November 16, 2005. It was later taken over by Des package as all thebe linked! Customers were automatically migrated to Des. Currently there are three postpaid plans from which is a subset of much larger Bankrolling enterprise. All packages come with T&T local, NOD KIDS and e-KIDS connectivity.Part: 3 Research Methodologies . 1 Review of literature * To demonstrate a familiarly with a body of knowledge and establish credibility. * To know the path of prior research and how a cur rent research project link to it. To integrate and summarize what is known in an area. * To learn from others and stimulate new ideas. * Identification of variables. * Helps in developing theoretical framework. 3. 2 Determining Variables Simply defined, variable is a concept that varies. The values can differ at various times for the same object or person, or at the same time for different object or persons. There are two types of concepts.These are: Concept refers to a fixed phenomenon * Concepts that those varies in quantity, Intensity or amount The 2nd type of concept and measure of concept are variable. Because variable represents a quality that can exhibit difference in value, usually magnitude or strength, it may be said that a variable generally is anything that may assume different numerical or categorical values. For example: * Gender(male, female) * Marital status (Married, Unmarried ,widowed ,Divorced) * Family income * Attitude toward women empowerment(highly favorable-h ighly unfavorable) There are several types of Variables.There are: Dependent Variable * Independent Variable * Continuous Variable * Discontinuous Variable * Moderating Variable * Intervening Variables * Extraneous Variables * Relationship Among Variables 3. 3 Constructing theoretical framework The theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research project is based. It I logically developed, described and elaborated network of associations among the variable deemed relevant to the problem situation and identified through such processes as interviews, Observation and literature survey. Experience and intuition also guide in developing the theoretical framework.The components of the theoretical framework: 1 . The variables considered relevant to the study should be clearly identified and labeled in the discussions 2. The discussions should state how two or more variables are related to one another This should be dome for the important direction of the relationships c an be theorized on the basis of the finding s of previous research, then there should be an indication in the discussions as to whether the relationships would be positive or negative. 4. There should be a clear explanation of why we would expect these relationships to exist.

A Good Man Is Hard To Find(And Write About=) Essays - Free Essays

A Good Man Is Hard To Find(And Write About=) Essays - Free Essays A Good Man Is Hard To Find(And Write About=) Ravi B. Lucas April 18, 2000 A Good Man Is Hard to Find The story of A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor has been debated and analyzed so much because it can be interpreted one thousand different ways. OConnors characters are usually searching for an elusive salvation, and her stories illustrate her views on the human condition. Many spiritual themes weave their way through her work, but never seem to achieve their intended ends. In this story, groups of criminals massacre an entire family while their ringleader discusses theology with the family's grandmother, only a hundred feet away. The source of the misinterpretation of the storys crux emerges from two key characters that OConnor weaved together: the Grandmother, and the Misfit. These two are so complex because they stand for many different things. The most reasonable interpretation of these two characters is that they represent OConnors view on the evil in society. The story begins with the typical family challenged by their grandmother who does not want to take the vacation to Florida. She has read about a crazed killer by the name of the Misfit who is on the run heading for Florida. Unfortunately, she is ignored by ever member of the family except for the little girl June Star who has come to read her grandmother like a book. Ironically, the morning of the trip the grandmother is dressed in her best Sunday clothes and the first one in the car ready to travel as June Star predicted she would be. The grandmother's dress is very nice for a trip she was horrified to take only a day earlier. The grandmother festooned in white gloves, a navy blue dress, and a matching hat, only for the sole purpose of being recognized as a woman in case someone saw her dead on the highway. This logic may seem absurd to anyone who is unfamiliar with aged aristocratic southern culture. Southerners of a high class would dress in their fine clothes when they traveled o n vacations, especially ladies. The reader is clued into the grandmother's shallow thoughts of death. In the grandmother's mind, her clothing preparations prevent any doubts about her status as a fine lady. However, the Misfit later points out, There never was a body that gave the undertaker a tip. The grandmother's superficial readiness for death is a bleak characteristic and revealed when she encounters the Misfit. She shows herself to be the least prepared for death when she is left alone with him. As the trip progresses, the children reveal themselves as brats, mainly out of O'Connor's desire to illustrate the lost admiration for the familys respect for their grandmother. The family lost their respect for their grandmother only because she proposed a different life style. She was part of a Southern aristocratic culture where people behaved much more conservatively. Her beliefs, attitudes, and morals were from another time where people respected what older people had to say, and what they stood for. Naturally, she was never reluctant to share her opinion on matters, and was a little forceful about sharing her thoughts. She made sure to watch over her son, and kept a grip on what he did- even as a grown man. She refused to retire and become a composed old woman. She wanted to stay involved in the familys matters, and show that she was still an significant person with the knowledge that came with her age. Consequently, with all her bickering the family began to hold a grudge agai nst her. The Grandmother lacked comprehension, and did not know that she became annoying, but she was not spitefully bothersome. The reader should notice when the family passes by a cotton field, five or six graves are exposed, and conceivably, they foreshadow the near future. Some interesting dialogue takes place when John Wesley asks, Where's the plantation, and the grandmother replies, Gone with the Wind. This is perhaps another attempt by O'Connor to illustrate the breakdown of the familys absence of respect and reverence for the grandmothers old life. The family 's encounter with Red Sammy Butts serves as another outlet for O'Connor to express how trust and

Abu Bakr - the First Muslim Caliph

Abu Bakr - the First Muslim Caliph Born to a wealthy family, Abu Bakr was a successful merchant with a reputation for honesty and kindness. Tradition has it that, having long been a friend to Muhammad, Abu Bakr immediately accepted him as a prophet and became the first adult male to convert to Islam. Muhammad married Abu Bakrs daughter Aishah and chose him to accompany him to Medina. Shortly before his death, Muhammad asked Abu Bakr to offer up a prayer for the people. This was taken as a sign that the Prophet had chosen Abu Bakr to succeed him. After Muhammads death, Abu Bakr was accepted as the first deputy of the Prophet of God, or caliph. Another faction preferred Muhammads son-in-law Ali as caliph, but Ali eventually submitted, and Abu Bakr took over governance of all Muslim Arabs. As Caliph, Abu Bakr brought all of central Arabia under Muslim control and was successful in spreading Islam further through conquest. He also saw to it that the Prophets sayings were preserved in written form. The collection of sayings would be compiled into the Quran (or Quran or Koran). Abu Bakr died in his sixties, possibly from poison but just as likely from natural causes. Before his death he named a successor, establishing a tradition of government by chosen successors. Several generations later, after rivalries led to murder and war, Islam would be split into two factions: the Sunni, who followed the Caliphs, and the Shiite, who believed that Ali was the proper heir of Muhammad and would only follow leaders descended from him. Also Known As El Siddik or Al-Siddiq (The Upright) Noted For Abu Bakr was the closest friend and companion of  Muhammad  and the first Muslim caliph. He was one of the first men to convert to Islam and was chosen by the Prophet as his companion on the  Hijrah  to Medina. Places of Residence and Influence Asia: Arabia Important Dates Born:  c. 573 Completed  Hijrah  to Medina:  Sept. 24, 622​ Died:  Aug. 23, 634 Quotation Attributed to Abu Bakr Our abode in this world is transitory, our life therein is but a loan, our breaths are numbered and our indolence is manifest.

Data structures and algorithms for social media Essay

Data structures and algorithms for social media - Essay Example This treatise discusses how the choice of data structures and algorithms affect social media. The paper also focuses on the differences in security procedures when it comes to large data sets as found in social media sites as compared to simpler and Java-driven websites. Social media are a group of websites that aid in social interaction, and consist of voluminous databases. In understanding data structures, one should take into account that they mostly define the memory mechanisms. In a computer, data is conveyed in chunks from the Random Access Memory (RAM) to the hard disk. The running time of this transfer is determined by the blocks/chunks. Data structures enhance efficiency in computing. The more powerful a computer is enables it to handle more complex applications, which lead to more complex calculations (Bender & Kuszmaul, 2014). The choices applied in the selection of data structures and algorithms determine whether a particular calculation will be carried out in many days or in just a few seconds. In social media, the information is stored in large database; hence, computations that result in searching of different information need to be performed at a very fast rate. This calls for keen choice of data structures and algorithms. In enhancing efficiency, a given solution will be termed efficient once it solves the problems assigned to it within the confines of the resource constraints (Shaffer, 2014). In deciding the data structure to use in a social media site, some of the steps to consider include; an analysis of the problem for determination of the applicable resource constrains, determination of the operation to be supported against the resource constrains, and selection of the most appropriate data structure for the given problem. In selecting a data structure, it is always good to consider the cost of the solution, which is a factor of the resources used,

How Do Dreams Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

How Do Dreams Work - Research Paper Example Dreams have been considered prophetic and delivered from the spiritual plane. The ways in which dreams have been stimulated include the concept of incubating in a place or chamber designed specifically to create a prophetic dream. However, dreams have been most used in the search for understanding the unconscious mind. Theories proposed by Jung and Freud have defined ways in which to approach dreams for their therapeutic values. The way in which dreams work has been studied for the brain waves that are associated to the different stages of sleep. As well, the way in which they are associated to the mental state of the individual has been examined for the many ways that dreams can be associated. The brain has been studied while sleep occurs in order to determine which parts of the brain are working compared to which parts are not working during the dream state. Still, the associations of the events in dreams to the biological event have yet to be fully explained. The state of dreaming has been somewhat defined for its biological function, but the true nature of dreams and how they work has yet to be fully established. Dreams: The Theoretical Divide Dreams have provided a great deal of study to psychologists, neurologists, and to disciplines that are concerned with the function of the brain. The concept of dreams has also been an interest to sociologists and anthropologists as they study culture. Sigmund Freud constructed his theory of dreams as purposeful in his theories of psychoanalysis where he insisted that dreaming had no connection to neurology and was a function of the mind rather than part of the brain. This divided the concept of mind and brain and even when modern scientists discovered REM and found evidence of brain functions in association with dreaming, it was still framed with the psychoanalytical structures, believing that the content of dreams was a separate issue to the physiology of dreams (Hobson 2005, xii). Previous to the work of Freud, peop le saw dreams, primarily, as nonsense of the mind. Some cultures believed in the mystical qualities of dreams, but the general belief about dreams was that they had no real value. Freud changed this through his discussions about the meaning of dreams in regard to psychoanalysis. He proposed that the mind had a hidden censor that could protect a person from sexual and aggressive threats, but that to act on every perceived threat would be socially unacceptable. The dream phase would allow for threatening thoughts to transform into harmless symbols within dreams. In allowing guilty feelings, anxieties, and inappropriate desires to manifest in dreams, the social world is safe from the intrusion of those thoughts (Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian 160). The two new concepts that Freud brought to the forefront of psychological evaluation was that dreams consisted of symbols and that they could be interpreted for psychologically relevant information (Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian 160). The idea that dre ams held symbols and could be interpreted was new from a cultural understanding as many religions and cultures had depended on the symbols and interpretations of those symbols for mystical meaning for centuries, perhaps back to the dawn of human history. However, that these symbols and interpretations could be used for the scientific study of the mind and focused upon the individual was a revolutionary idea. Freud had three

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PROJECT 1 - Essay Example The use of the mobile phone for the group was advanced to the extent that they knew how to download music from online sites, but the usage had not been used to improve levels of literacy considerably. The researchers reported the use of mobile phones as exceptionally advanced for the group, and therefore a channel that promoted levels of literacy. The researchers emphasized the role that the use of mobile phones played in the social lives of the people living in the remote community, and went further to maintain that the usage was core to the levels of literacy attained. The ideas used to support the arguments include that the exchange between the mother and the child showed considerably developed uses of the phone as a tool for fostering literacy among the members of the community. 2. Connolly, T. M., Boyle, E. A., MacArthur, E., Hainey, T., & Boyle, J. M. (2012). A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games. Computers &Education, 59(2), 661–686. The analysis of the findings and the context reported from the 129 studies showed that exposure to computer games improved some skills, including those that were important to the learning of students. The skill areas reported to benefit from playing games included cognitive, perceptual; affective and also the learner’s levels of motivation for learning. The study revealed that the positive effects of playing digital games is widespread, therefore an area that calls for the exploration of the relationship further, so that it can be used to foster learning. The authors emphasized the importance of digital games in the learning of the students aged 14 and higher, by pointing out that it affected a variety of the skill areas that foster or limit learning. In conclusion, the position taken about the materials was that more study is needed, so as to

The Hotel New World Collapse Commerce Essay

The Hotel New World Collapse Commerce Essay Public relation officers agencies are very important people to any organisation as they are the ones who in my opinion keep the ball rolling day in day out. Being a public relations officer, he or she must learn how to handle the media learn how to get clients to keep the business running and most importantly learn how to manage a crisis. There was crisis which took place in 1986, the Hotel New World collapse. 15 March 1986, at approximately 11.25 am The Hotel New World, which is also called the Lian Yak building, located at the junction of serangoon road and owen road, collapsed killing 33 people with 17 survivors. This collapse was a major factor why buildings in Singapore now are much more versatile and less likely to collapse. This was a major disaster which could also be classified as a crisis. And I believe there could have been more effective ways where they could have reacted better and save more lives. 2. Crisis management First and foremost what is crisis management? Crisis management, also known as firefighting, is where you know how to avoid the crisis if its possible and appropriately react to the crisis if it cannot be solved (Bernstein, 2011). During a crisis having a crisis team would be essential. Also the members of the team should be able to tell the higher officials in their organisation what to do during a crisis with no fear. The team members should consist of two spokesperson who are the mouth. One will be a backup. A leader who is the brain, someone who will make the important decisions and are accountable for those decisions, such as the CEO or owner of the organisation. And a lead in-house professional and the full PR agency team also known as the hands, for breadth of reach and redundancy reasons (Anthonissen, 2008). The spokespersons, also known as the mouth are representatives of an organisation. How many spokesperson an organisation needs depends on the size of the organisation as they might have many outlets in many countries. But the basics are two spokesperson. The first one would be the primary spokesperson. He or she would represent the company while handling the media. The second one would be a backup He or she will represent the company if the first spokesperson is not available or if is need to explain the crisis in another location. Also these spokesperson need to be media trained. They should know how to handle the media as its the organisations reputation which is at stake. Thus making a wrong move in front of the media would further add to the crisis hence the spokesperson need be a specialist but must be able to handle the media well. Next is the brain which is the crisis committee. This crisis committee is led by the leader who might be the CEO or owner of the company. The committee`s first job is to make a decision on how will they be operating during a crisis. A very simple way to operate is to make sure majority of the team agrees on the decisions made. But this might not be the best option as ex British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher said, Consensus is the negation of leadership. The team must co-operate with the leader to make it an effective committee. Also in the team one person has to be in-charge of all the communications taking place during the crisis This person has to be responsible for- getting the team together during the crisis Communicating the needs of the committee to the mouth Approving all communication messages before they go live Reporting the situation as it develops to the crisis committee Reporting the total crisis once it`s all over (Anthonissen, 2008). Usually the people who are in charge of communications point are the lead in-house communications professionals. During the crisis having a media contact team is also vital. As during the crisis calling up the media and updating would be time consuming thus this team would handle the information being given to the media. The team will need to inform he media about press conference etc. To have a good media contact team they must- Have good press contacts Have a clean and updated full media list at any given time Understand how journalists and editors from different news media work Be practised at media tools Have facilities to translate documents and provide simultaneous translations at a press conference or media interview, if required Have ability to move very quickly(Anthonissen, 2008). Therefore having these qualities would make the media contact team much more useful and essential to update the media about the crisis. Thus that would be one burden of the shoulders of the leader and therefore concentrate on how to resolve the crisis much more efficiently. A good public relations officer will not think that crisis would not happen in his or her organisation and would be well prepared for it. Therefore they must be well prepared for a crisis by looking into what could be the possible areas that might cause a crisis. Next they must come up with a crisis plan. A good public relations officer will plan out everything in detail on what to do when a crisis occurs. This crisis plan can include information such as what are the steps to take by the staffs, crisis management team members. Lastly they must implement the action plan. Planning for a crisis is one thing. But facing a real crisis will be very stressful and it will be a much tensed environment thus no matter how hard an organisation plans out a crisis plan it would be tougher when faced with a real crisis. Therefore it is important to select members of a crisis team for their ability to remain calm and in control while under pressure (Ali, 2011). Also during the crisis every member of the crisis management team should have a copy of what the crisis plan is. Also they should know what their roles are during a crisis. Therefore ensuring a smooth crisis management during a crisis. There are three types of crisis. They are creeping crisis, slow-burn crisis and sudden crisis. Creeping crisis is where a crisis is foreshadowed by a series of events that decision-makers dont view as part of pattern. An example of a Creeping crisis is when the steps take to save a persons life in an emergency situation is not clear. Slow burning crisis is where the signs or warning has been given about the situation but it has not caused any damage to the organisation yet. An example of slow burning crisis is when the organisation goes thru a lawsuit, discrimination complaints or when the organisations reputation is at stake. Sudden crisis is where the damage has been already inflicted and the crisis will get worst if the damage is not contained well. An example of sudden crisis is when a fire breaks out in the building or when the building collapses. The Hotel New World disaster is classified under the category of sudden crisis as it the building collapse was an unexpected event which took place too quickly for anyone to react in time. 3. Analysis The Hotel New World crash shocked everyone in Singapore. It killed a total of 33 people. The crisis is considered to be one of the worst in Singapore history. Before the collapse the building was also in the headlines as it left 35 hotel customers unconscious in August 1975 due to a carbon monoxide leak. The building came down within less than a minute. It was completely demolished. There were 17 people stuck in under rubbles still alive who were eventually the survivors. The building was occupied by an industrial and commercial bank and a night club. But major parts of the building were taken up by The Hotel New World. On 15 march 1986 at approximately 11.25 the lian Yak building came crashing down to rubbles. The building was brought sown within less than 60 seconds. The first call to the SCDF was made at 11.33 sending out their men to the area. First to arrive at the scene was station officer Abu Bakar. He was in charge of the first two fire engines which arrived at the scene with the thought of just nothing more then just a fire outbreak. Upon reaching at the location he then realise its way worst then what he had expected. There was not enough time for anyone inside the building to have escaped in time. Once the rescue team had arrived at that place they started planning on how to operate this mission as this building collapse was the first of its kind in Singapore thus the rescues team were not well trained for this situation and also the equipments were not the appropriate ones used for this type of rescue mission. By noon most of the ministers had arrived at the scene too and almost all the available rescue officers were deployed in order to help the survivors escape thru the rubbles. On first 2 days they tried removing the rubbles first then finding for people. After that on the second day the rescue officers consulted experts whom were at that time tunnelling for the MRT lines in Singapore. Then with their assist the rescue team had work intensively to find for survivors. On 19 march 1986, the rescue mission was called off. A total of 50 people were trapped under the rubbles of the building. 33 people died at the scene. There were only 17 survivors. Then president, Mr Wee Kim Wee had then set-up a group on 22 march to investigate why the building crashed without any warning. This team which was assembled consisted of Mr Justice L. P. Thean, Dr A Vijiaratnam, Professor S. L. Lee and Professor Bengt B. Broms. On 16 February 1987 the final report was submitted to the president. It gave the full details about the building the building owners and especially on why the building crashed was revealed. The main cause of the collapse was in the structural design. According and to the Report of the inquiry into the Collapse of Hotel New World, Analyses of the structural design showed that the dead weights of many structural elements were underestimated and that a large number of individual structural members were grossly under-designed. This is quoted directly from the report. This shows that the building is in fact a ticking time bomb. And the mistake was indeed made 15 years ago when the drawings of the building were made was the. Next w as the construction. The quality of the way the building was being constructed was unsatisfactory according to the report. Reinforcements were less than what was stated in the R.C drawings. Also there was no professional supervision in the construction site which was one of the many factors leading to the collapse. And finally three of the pillars in the building had cracked thus bringing the Lian Yak building down on 15 March 1986. It could stand its own weight because the building was like a time bomb waiting to collapse and when there were new installations placed in the roof the Lian Yak the building it could not hold any longer thus collapsing. The inquiry also brought to light that the managing director of Lian Yak Realty was the one who was the overall in-charge of the building. But unfortunately he had died in the collapse. It was revealed that he had actually used draughtsman to build the building. And the engineer did not calculate the weight of the building properly thus making the building collapse. Also after this incident, the Singapore government had made all their constructions of building rules much more tighter, did checks on existing buildings and find out which buildings were at risk and also they gave the power of authorising and inspection of the buildings to the Ministry of National Development. In my opinion this disaster could have been easily avoided. It was due to carelessness which caused 33 people lives. First and foremost I believe the managing director should not have overseen the construction of this building alone and they should have had group or a team which represents the Lian Yak realty company. Also I believe the communication process which went through the organisation was poor as in the end the managing director was at fault for hiring draughtsman to build the building. This shows that the organisation did not check what was the managing directors doing or who he was employing at the construction site. This is where a public relation officer would be vital. As they can come with a check list on what can be done when there is a crisis. What are the minor and major things to take note during a crisis. Also in my opinion I believe the government could have done their part by ensuring all the rules and regulations for construction were followed strictly. The recommendations that were given in the report could have been implemented earlier. They should have learnt from past disasters such as the collapse of Broadways Grandest Hotel which took place in the year 1973. Also they could have better prepared the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) in theses type of crisis. They could haves sent them for training overseas instead of taking the hotel new world collapse as a lesson. This crisis clearly shows that nobody was prepared and had the mentality that the building will never collapse thus in my opinion a contributing factor for so many deaths. 4. Evaluation There are ways that could prevent this kind of sudden crisis. There are a lot of measures to be taken to avoid such crisis would be vital in life and death situations. Thus one must be prepared to face all kinds of situation. The definition of being prepared here is having a plan ready to be executed when there is a crisis (Anthonissen, 2008). This firstly there must be a check list created on what to do when a crisis occurs. When creating the check list the public relation officer must think of all possible crisis and what are the steps to avoid the crisis or escape the crisis. Like I earlier mentioned one must not be too complacent and think to themselves that the crisis would not happen. As a public relation officer we must expect the unexpected. Thus creating a check list would be beneficiary to anyone who uses it during a crisis. Also like earlier mentioned having a crisis management team would be very vital. Successful managers are those who work with successful teams (Hunsaker, 2001). Not only that the team should consist of people from various departments thus they would be aware of what to do when a crisis situation occurs. Thus it would be easier for them to escape during a sudden crisis compared to only one person handling the whole situation. This causes more stress on that individual this sharing the workload would be the best thing to do therefore having a crisis management team is definitely a positive impact. There also ways where we can prepare the people by having drills to for a sudden crisis would be a good solution to better prepare them and make sure they know what to do when having a crisis. There are three types of crisis drills. They are Tabletop exercises, Drills and Full scale exercises (Bernstein, 2011). Firstly the tabletop exercises. These exercises are usually done with the people sitting around a table. Its a discussion where the key manager explains the roles of the people during a crisis (Bernstein, 2011). Next is the Drill. Drills are where a specific department might be put to test to see how they would react when in crisis. External officers might sometimes do the evaluation. Finally the Full-scale exercise. As the names says it full-scale exercise, the organisation, the people working in that building will be put to test when they re-enact a crisis situation and would then see how quickly they escape and checking if their crisis management has been successful The Hotel New World collapse could have been a crisis avoided but the collapse has now educated the people the relevant authorities on how to improve their crisis management skills. The SCDF got experience on how to manage a sudden crisis like The Hotel New World collapse. The Singapore government came down hard on the rules of buildings. From a PR point of view, in my opinion the Lian Yak Realty failed in handing this sudden crisis. Yes this was a lesson but I believe the Lian Yak Realty should have been better prepared and should have at least done their part in the aftermath of the collapse. I am sure this crisis should have been avoided if there was a proper organisational structure in Lian Yak realty. This was an incident which changed the future of Singapore in terms of how the buildings were constructed and how to handle a crisis.